This essay examines two influential Chinese diaspora figures, Florence Fang and Rose Pak, and their shared ties to Jiang Zemin’s Shanghai faction.
It explores how political and diaspora networks shaped anti-Japan historical narratives in the United States.

Their common point is that both rose to prominence as their ties with Jiang Zemin’s faction, the so-called Shanghai clique, deepened.
January 9, 2018.
The following continues from the previous chapter.
Rather than rivals, they were in an antagonistic relationship.
Florence Fang and Rose Pak.
These two prominent Chinese women were complete opposites in type.
Perhaps to project an intellectual image, Ms. Fang’s trademark was her large glasses, and she appeared stylish, elegant, and refined with a good figure.
In contrast, Ms. Pak smoked cigars, was rough-spoken, wore little makeup, and was a stout and formidable figure.
There were also long-standing allegations of tax evasion and rumors that she had been investigated by the FBI on suspicion of ties to Chinese Communist intelligence.
Their common point is that both rose to prominence as their ties with Jiang Zemin’s faction, the Shanghai clique, deepened.
Ms. Pak helped build connections between San Francisco mayors and Jiang Zemin, while the Fang family formed a marital alliance with the daughter of former Vice Premier Huang Ju, a loyal subordinate of Jiang Zemin.
To be continued.