This essay examines the political struggles, secret societies, and criminal networks associated with San Francisco’s Chinatown and overseas Chinese communities.
It explores how factional conflicts linked to Chinese political forces have shaped global diaspora power dynamics.

Chinatown has long been a base for underworld activities such as arms and drug trafficking, gambling, and prostitution.
January 9, 2018.
The following continues from the previous chapter.
Chinatown has long been a base for underworld activities such as arms and drug trafficking, gambling, and prostitution.
In November 2006, a shooting occurred in which Allen Leung, a well-known Chinatown figure and supreme president of the Chee Kung Tong (Hongmen) Five-State Association, was gunned down by an unknown assailant.
Regarding the background of this incident, reports described “internal conflict between younger and elder members of secret societies” (Sing Tao Daily and others) and “a power struggle within the Chinese community between Nationalist and Communist factions” (The Epoch Times).
It was also rumored that there had long been covert conflict between Allen Leung and Ms. Pak, who was close to the Shanghai faction associated with Jiang Zemin.
In other words, within Chinese and overseas Chinese society, politics and the underworld (secret societies) can be said to function as a single set.
Linked with internal struggles within both the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Nationalist Party, as well as their cycles of alliance and division, power struggles among influential Chinese figures worldwide have unfolded, sometimes leading to assassinations and suspicious deaths.
To be continued.