Although Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly appealed to the League of Nations over accidental bombings during the attack on Nanjing, he never once mentioned a massacre. Based on extensive historical research, this section explains why the “Nanjing Massacre” first appeared only at the Tokyo Trials, largely to mirror charges used at the Nuremberg Trials.

2017-06-14
The following is a continuation of the previous section.
Chiang Kai-shek appealed each of these incidents to the League of Nations.
However, he did not lodge a single complaint regarding any “Nanjing Massacre.”
When Japan attacked Nanjing, it bombed military facilities, and at times some bombs missed their targets.
Some of them fell on civilian houses.
Whenever that happened, Chiang Kai-shek immediately appealed to the League of Nations, claiming that bombs had fallen on civilian homes.
Japan did not intentionally drop bombs on civilian residences.
At the prices of the time, a single bomb cost five hundred yen.
With two such bombs, one could build a two-story house in the countryside.
There was no way Japan could scatter such expensive weapons indiscriminately, as the United States later did.
Nevertheless, Chiang Kai-shek appealed each incident to the League of Nations.
Yet he never once appealed regarding any “Nanjing Massacre.”
In recent years, scholars such as Minoru Kitamura and Shudo Higashinakano have conducted extremely detailed research on conditions in Nanjing at the time, to the extent that it could almost be called “Nanjing studies.”
Professor Higashinakano examined confidential documents of the Nationalist government preserved in Taiwan, and the following facts have become clear.
After the fall of Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek fled to Hankou and later to Chongqing.
During that period, he gave interviews to hundreds of foreign journalists.
The total number reached three hundred.
In not a single one of those interviews did he mention any massacre by the Japanese army.
Therefore, the “Nanjing Massacre” first appeared at the Tokyo Trials.
The reason it appeared was to align the proceedings with the Nuremberg Trials.
At Nuremberg, there was a charge called “crimes against humanity,” used to prosecute the Nazi genocide of the Jews.
Because no equivalent charge existed at the Tokyo Trials, the “Nanjing Massacre” was fabricated.
Around the time Nanjing fell, an anonymous English-language book was published claiming that approximately thirty thousand Chinese had been killed by Japanese atrocities.
It is now clear who wrote it: a journalist named Timperley of the Manchester Guardian.
Research by Professor Kitamura and Professor Higashinakano, based on first-rate historical sources, has revealed that Timperley wrote the book after receiving money from Chiang Kai-shek.